USMV: Low Volatility Does Not Mean Low Risk

USMV does achieve lower volatility, or variance, or however you measure variation in the ETF's price, but returns lag possibly disproportionately behind broader market ETFs like IVV over five years. Volatility isn't the same as risk, since a strong positive performance gets recognised as volatility when risk is a negative outcome. But even conceptually, there are plenty of reasons to disagree that risk and volatility are equivalent or even meaningfully associated.